Perovskite light emitting diode (led) lamps; led flashlights; led luminaires; led lamps; led light bulbs; led light machines; led lighting installations; led lights for automobiles; led lighting assemblies for illuminated signs; led (light-emitting diode) lighting fixtures; light emitting diode lighting fixtures; flat panel lighting apparatus; light fixtures; light emitting diode lights for automobiles; organic light emitting diodes (OLED) lighting devices; led lighting fixtures