Scientific apparatus, namely, microfluidic technology-based chips which enable investigators to perform co-cultures of multiple cell types in 3-D with high-throughput screening capabilities for biomedical research and drug discovery and a variety of patient-derived in vitro organ-on-a-chip models which closely recapitulate the pathophysiology of diseases, thus can be efficiently applicable to target identification and compound screening, patient stratification, and biomarker identification, e...