Surgical, medical and dental apparatuses and instruments, namely, vertebral osteosynthesis apparatus, osteosynthesis equipment for securing the spine; intervertebral implants; prosthetic vertebral discs; pedicular probe and computer aided positioning device for implementing vertebral osteosynthesis apparatus, for implementing osteosynthesis equipment for securing the spine, for implementing intervertebral implants, and for implementing prosthetic vertebral discs