Computer software, computer hardware, sold separately or as a unit, comprising and enabling smart cards, smart card readers, computers and modified point-of-sale devices in the nature of merchant point-of-sale terminals, parking meters, automated teller machines (ATMs), vending machines and related cash-to-card devices for use in the issuance, reloading, transmission, data processing and management of smart cards and related transaction data in an electronic payment system, and user manuals s...