Analytical instruments and apparatus that can be used, for example, for research and characterization in laboratories and industrial manufacturing facilities, including confocal microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR), spectroscopic ellipsometry, transport and microwave RF Measurements, scanning probe microscopies including its many modalities such as Atomic Force Microscopy, Photo induced Force Microscopy, Kelvin Probe ...